SULLIVANT, William Starling, botanist, born in Franklinton, near Columbus, Ohio, 15 January, 1803; died in Columbus. 30 April, 1873. He was educated at Ohio university, and at Yale, where he was graduated in 1823. The death of his father, Lucas, prevented him from studying a profession, and he was called to the charge of the family property. This duty led to his becoming a surveyor and practical engineer, which occupation he followed until late in life. Meanwhile he turned his attention to botany, and collected and studied the plants of central Ohio, publishing " A Catalogue of Plants, Native or Naturalized, in the Vicinity of Columbus, Ohio "(1840). Soon afterward he turned his attention to mosses, which became the subject of his special study until he was recognized as the most accomplished bryologist that this country has ever produced, and it is doubtful whether his superior existed anywhere. His first publication in this branch of botany was "Musci Alleghanienses" (2 vols., 1845), the materials for which were collected on a botanical excursion along the Alleghany mountains from Maryland to Georgia in 1843. His next work of importance was "Contributions to the Bryology and Hepaticology of North America" (2 parts, 1846-'9), which appeared originally in the "Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences." The description of the Musci and Hepaticae in the second edition of Gray's "Manual of the Botany of the Northern United States" was prepared by him and issued separately as "The Musci and Hepaticae of the United States East of the Mississippi River" (New York, 1856). In association with Leo Lesquereux (q. v.) he published " Musci Boreali Americani Exsiccati" (1856), containing the results of-a journey through the mountainous parts of the southern states. He examined the specimens that were collected by Charles Wright in Cuba, and issued "Musci Cubensis" (1860); also those gathered by August Fendler in Venezuela and by Charles Wright on the North Pacific exploring expedition, but the results had not been published at the time of his death. The mosses collected by the South Pacific exploring expedition under Captain Charles Wilkes, and those of the Pacific railroad exploration under Lieutenant Amiel W. Whipple, were examined by him, and his results appeared in the government's reports of the expeditions. His greatest work was "Icones Muscorum " (1864; Supplement, 1874), consisting of figures and descriptions of most of those mosses peculiar to eastern North America that had not been represented up to that time. The name of Sullivantia Ohionis was given by his associates, Asa Gray and John Torrey, to a rare saxifragaceous plant which he had discovered in Ohio. The degree of LL. D. was conferred on him by Gambier in 1864, and, besides his membership in scientific societies in the United States and Europe, he was elected to the National academy of sciences in 1872. His bryological books and his collections and preparations of mosses were given to the Gray herbarium of Harvard university, and the remainder of his botanical library, his choice microscopes, and other collections were bequeathed to the University of Ohio and to Starling medical college, which was founded by his uncle, and of which he was the senior trustee.--His brother, Michael Lucas, farmer, born in Franklinton, Ohio, 6 August, 1807" died in Henderson, Kentucky, 29 January, 1879, was educated at Ohio university and at Centre college, Kentucky, and afterward engaged in farming. He proceeded at once to improve the immense tract of land that he inherited from his father, raised mules and blooded horses, and was an originator of the Ohio stock importing company, which introduced a new era of stock-breeding in the west. In 1854 he sold his Ohio estate, bought 80,000 acres of land in Illinois, and engaged in farming on a larger scale than had ever been attempted before. He introduced new methods and improved machinery on his farm of " Broadlands," but, meeting with reverses, he sold part of his property and retired to his farm of 40,000 acres at Burr Oaks, Illinois The estate embraced sixty-five square miles.