ORELIE ANTOINE I. (o-ray-lee), king of Araucania and Patagonia, the name assumed by ORELIE ANTOINE CHARLES DE TOUNENS, or TOUNEONS, a French adventurer, born in Chourgnac, near Perigueux, in October, 1820; died in Tourtoirac, Dordogne, 19 September, 1878. He was graduated at law in Toulouse, and became an attorney in Perigueux, but failed in business, and emigrated to Buenos Ayres about 1852. He resided afterward in Santiago and Concepcion as a merchant, and, having occasion to trade with the natives of Araucania, made the acquaintance of several chiefs. By skilful machinations with the principal caciques of the different tribes, he obtained his proclamation as king of Araucania and Patagonia at a mass-meeting that was held in the valley of Los Angeles in March, 1861. He immediately endeavored to organize his kingdom on the plan of a European state, and issued a manifesto to all the govern-meats of Europe and America, informing them of his accession to the throne. The sudden creation of this new monarchy only excited ridicule in both continents, but as Napoleon III. discussed the question of Orelie's recognition in his privy council, the Chilian government saw the necessity of acting vigorously. Meanwhile Orelie's letters to the French emperor began to excite the interest of Europe, and London and New York papers published editorials favorable to the cause of the adventurer. The Chilian authorities had threatened the Araucanians with war if they did not expel De Tounens, and Orelie visited the principal caciques to organize the defence. One, named Guenterol, promised to lead an army of 40,000 men in case of invasion, but Orelie was captured by a party of Chilian cavalry, taken to Nacimiento, and afterward imprisoned in the fortress of Los Angeles. Orelie's capture excited indignation in France, and Napoleon instructed the Viscount of Cazotte, French consul in Santiago, to enter a protest. Fearing foreign complications, all the Chilian courts affirmed their incompetency in Orelie's case. The latter meanwhile escaped from his prison, but was recaptured a few days later, and at last the Santiago court of appeals declared him a lunatic on 2 September, 1862, and decided to keep him a prisoner till he should be claimed by his family or the French government. However, a few days later he was put, on board a ship bound for France. On 3 December, 1863, he addressed a protest to the foreign governments, and tried to interest the public in his case by the issue of a narrative entitled "Ordlie Antoine I., roi d'Araucanie et de Patagonie, son avenement au trone et sa captivite au Chili " (Paris, 1863). He also began a series of lectures in the principal cities. Toward the end of 1869 he returned to Patagonia, but was coolly received, and after a few months left for Marseilles. There he founded the journal "Les Pendus" in December, 1871, in which he narrated his second expedition. In March, 1872, he began the publication of. " La Couronne d'acier," a journal of Araucania and Patagonia, and founded the order of the same name, the decoration of which he bestowed very liberally. In April, 1874, having interested some financiers in his cause, he left Bordeaux with a supply of arms and ammunition, and freighting a small schooner in Buenos Ayres, under the assumed name of Jean Prat, set out for his kingdom. But an Argentine sloop-of-war, at the re quest of the Chilian authorities, overtook him and brought him back on 19 July to Buenos Ayres, where he was imprisoned. After his release, on 31 October, he returned to France, where he was at one time an inmate of a poor-house in Bordeaux. Having again made partisans, he formed a cabinet, and, securing the support of a wealthy retired naval officer, was preparing a new expedition, when he died. Besides the works already cited, he published "Historique appel a la nation francaise" {Paris, 1863)" " Manifeste d'Orelie Antoine I., roi d'Araucanie et de Patagonie" (1864); " Retour en France du roi d'Araucanie et de Patagonie" (Marseilles, 1871); and other works.