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BONAPARTE, Joseph, king of Spain; born in Corte,
Corsica, 7 January 1768; died in Florence, Italy, 28 July 1844. He was the elder
brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, became an advocate in Corsica, and was an early
supporter of the French revolution.
He was military commissary of Napoleon's army in Italy
in 1796, French minister to Rome in 1797, and afterward member of the council of
five hundred, of the tribunate, and of the council of state in Paris. By his
shrewd statecraft and engaging manners he rendered his brother effective
assistance in his political schemes.
He negotiated the treaty of peace with the United States
in 1800, the treaty with Germany in 1801, and the treaty with Great Britain at
Amiens in 1802. He was sent with an army to Naples in February 1806, and entered
the city and assumed, in obedience to Napoleon's commands, the title of king.
In 1808 he reluctantly exchanged the throne of Naples
for that of Spain. His rule being regulated by his brother's policy and not by
his own well-meaning impulses, he was twice driven out of Madrid by hostile
armies, and twice reinstated, but in June 1813, was defeated by Wellington at
Vittoria, and soon afterward left Spain.
In January 1814, he was appointed lieutenant-general of
the empire in the absence of Napoleon, and in March he consented to the
capitulation of Paris. When Napoleon returned in 1815, Joseph went to Paris and
exerted himself to obtain the support of his influential friends for a
restoration of the empire under constitutional guarantees.
He had a single interview with his brother after the
battle of Waterloo, arranged to meet him in the United States, and sailed for
New York from Royan, 25 July 1815, under the assumed name of Comte de
Survilliers. He bought a mansion in Philadelphia, and a country-seat near
Bordentown, New Jersey.
An act to enable him to hold real estate was passed by
the legislature of New Jersey in 1817, and when he acquired a summer-place of
some 24,000 acres on the Black River between Lake Ontario and the edge of the
Adirondack forest, a similar law was enacted by the New York assembly.
He was accompanied to the United States by his two
daughters and the prince of Canino, husband of the elder daughter, Zenaide; but
his wife, who was the daughter of a merchant of Marseilles and sister of the
queen of Sweden, remained an invalid in Europe. His benevolence and hospitality,
his affable and courtly manners, and his knowledge and taste, made him a general
favorite. He endeavored to advance the claims of Napoleon II.
After the revolution of July 1830, and in 1832, when the
duke of Reichstadt fell ill, he went to Europe, but remained in England. Upon
hearing of his nephew's death, he returned to the United States in 1837, but
remained only two years. Obtaining permission in 1841 to reside in Italy, he
passed the remainder of his life in Florence. The confidential letters that
passed between him and Napoleon I. were published in "Mémoires et correspondance
politique et militaire du roi Joseph," by A. du Casse. See also "Mémoires," by
Miot de Nelito, and "Biographical Sketch of Joseph Bonaparte" (London, 1833).
BONAPARTE, Joseph, king of Spain, born in Corte. Corsica, 7 January 1768; died in Florence, Italy, 28 July 1844. He was the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, became an advocate in Corsica, and was an early supporter of the French revolution. He was military commissary of Napoleon's army in Italy in 1796, French minister to Rome in 1797, and afterward member of the council of five hundred, of the tribunate, and of the council of state in Paris. By his shrewd statecraft and engaging manners he rendered his brother effective assistance in his political schemes. He negotiated the treaty of peace with the United States in 1800, the treaty with Germany in 1801, and the treaty with Great Britain at Amiens in 1802. He was sent with an army to Naples in February 1806, and entered the city and assumed, in obedience to Napoleon's commands, the title of king. In 1808 he reluctantly exchanged the throne of Naples for that of Spain. His rule being regulated by his brother's policy and not by his own well-meaning impulses, he was twice driven out of Madrid by hostile armies, and twice reinstated, but in June 1813, was defeated by Wellington at Vittoria, and soon afterward left Spain. In January 1814, he was appointed lieutenant-general of the empire in the absence of Napoleon, and in March he consented to the capitulation of Paris. When Napoleon returned in 1815, Joseph went to Paris and exerted himself to obtain the support of his influential friends for a restoration of the empire under constitutional guarantees. He had a single interview with his brother after the battle of Waterloo, arranged to meet him in the United States, and sailed for New York from Royan, 25 July 1815, under the assumed name of Comte de Survilliers. He bought a mansion in Philadelphia, and a country-seat. near Bordentown, New Jersey An act to enable him to hold real estate was passed by the legislature of New Jersey in 1817, and when he acquired a summer-place on the edge of the Adirondack forest a similar law was enacted by the New York assembly. He was accompanied to the United States by his two daughters and the prince of Canino, husband of the elder daughter, Zenaide ; but his wife, who was the daughter of a merchant of Marseilles and sister of the queen of Sweden, remained an invalid in Europe. His benevolence and hospitality, his affable and courtly manners, and his knowledge and taste, made him a general favorite. He endeavored to advance the claims of Napoleon II. After the revolution of July 1830, and in 1832, when the duke of Reichstadt fell ill, he went to Europe, but remained in England upon hearing of his nephew's death, tie returned to the United States in 1837, but remained only two years. Obtaining permission in 1841 to reside in Italy, he passed the remainder of his life in Florence. The confidential letters that passed between him and Napoleon I. were published in " Mdmoires et correspondance politique et militaire du roi Joseph," by A. du Casse. See also "M6moires," by Miot de Nelito, and "Biographical Sketch of Joseph Bonaparte" (London, 1833).
Forgotten Founders Historic Documents and Coins of Freedom - By Stanley
L. Klos - Last Exhbit at the 2008 GOP Convention:
http://www.pinellasrepublican.org/
The Declaration of
Independence - A Brief History
The United Colonies 1st
government began in a Philadelphia Tavern
and the United States 1st federal government ended in a
NYC Tavern!
The Founders convened the government in 11 different capitol buildings and
experienced 15 years of challenges that
included war,
hyper-inflation, a failed
constitution, judicial corruption, armed citizen and U.S. Army rebellions.
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