CALDWELL, George Chapman, chemist, born in Framingham, Massachusetts, 14 August, 1834. He was graduated at Lawrence scientific school of Harvard in 1855, and pursued higher studies abroad, receiving the degree of Ph.D. from Gottingen in 1856. On his return to the United States, he was appointed professor of chemistry and physics in Antioch College, and filled that chair from 1859 till 1862, then became hospital visitor of the United States sanitary commission in charge of the distribution of supplies to the hospitals in and around Washington until 1864. Dr. Caldwell then occupied the chair of chemistry in Pennsylvania agricultural College from 1864 till 1867, and was vice-president of the College in 1867-'8. Since 1868 he has been professor of agricultural and analytical chemistry at Cornell, and has become an authority on chemistry as applied to agriculture and similar subjects. He is the author of numerous reports and many papers that have been contributed to state reports and scientific journals, and has published "Agricultural Qualitative and Quantitative Chemical Analysis" (New York, 1869); with A. A. Breneman, "A Manual of Introductory Chemical Practice" (1875), and with S. M. Babcock, "A Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis" (Ithaca, 1882).