Appleton's Cyclopedia of American Biography, edited by James Grant Wilson, John Fiske and Stanley L. Klos. Six volumes, New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1887-1889 and 1999. Virtualology.com warns that these 19th Century biographies contain errors and bias. We rely on volunteers to edit the historic biographies on a continual basis. If you would like
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TOLEDO, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru, born in
Andalusia about 1520; died in Seville about 1583. He belonged to the noble
family of Oropesa, and in 1569 was appointed viceroy of Peru, taking charge of
the government in Lima on 26 November of that year.
When the grandson of Huaina-Capac, Tupac-Amaru, who,
after the death of his brother, Sayri-Tupae, was considered by the natives as
the heir to the crown, refused to surrender, Toledo, under the pretext of
forwarding re-enforcements to Chile, sent in 1572 an expedition of 250 men into
the mountains of Vilcabamba, where the young inca was in hiding with some
followers. Martin de Loyola, with a small force, surprised the prince, who was
carried prisoner to Cuzco, and, after a mock trial by the judge, Loarte, was
judicially murdered by order of the viceroy.
Toledo was a legislator and statesman of considerable
ability and industry, and future viceroys referred to his enactments as
authority. He arranged that the Indians should be governed by chiefs of their
own race, and fixed the tribute to be paid by them, exempting all men under the
age of eighteen and over fifty, thus putting a stop to arbitrary demands.
He virtually abolished the old system of mita, or
forced native labor, although, in deference to the demands of the colonists, he
enacted that a seventh part of the adult male population of every village should
still be obliged to work for the Spaniards, but limiting the distance they might
be taken from their homes and fixing a reward for their services. The Indians
admitted that the country had not been so well governed since the time of Inca
Yupanqui.
He was recalled in 1581, and on 23 September of that
year delivered the government to his successor, Martin Enriquez de Ahnansa,
returning to Spain, where he was arrested on the charge of malversation of
public funds, and died in prison.
TOLEDO, Francisco de, viceroy of Peru, born in Andalusfit about 1520; died in Seville about 1583. He belonged to the noble family of Oropesa, and in 1569 was appointed viceroy of Peru, taking charge of the government in Lima on 26 November of that year. When the grandson of Huaina-Capac, Tupac-Amaru, who, after the death of his brother, Sayri-Tupae, was considered by the natives as the heir to the crown, refused to surrender, Toledo, under the pretext of forwarding re-enforcements to Chili, sent in 1572 an expedition of 250 men into the mountains of Vilcabamba, where the young inca was in hiding with some followers. Martin de Loyola, with a small force, surprised the prince, who was carried prisoner to Cuzco, and, after a mock trim by the judge, Loarte, was judicially murdered by order of the viceroy. Toledo was a legislator and statesman of considerable ability and industry, and future viceroys referred to his enactments as authority. He arranged that the Indians should be governed by chiefs of their own race, and fixed the tribute to be paid by them, exempting all men under the age of eighteen and over fifty, thus putting a stop to arbitrary demands. He virtually abolished the old system of mita, or forced native labor, although, in deference to the demands of the colonists, he enacted that a seventh part of the adult male population of every village should still be obliged to work for the Spaniards, but limiting the distance they might be taken from their homes and fixing a reward for their services. The Indians admitted that the country had not been so well governed since the time of Inca Yupanqui. He was recalled in 1581, and on 23 September of that year delivered the government to his successor, Martin Enriquez de Ahnansa, returning to Spain, where he was arrested on the charge of malversation of public funds, and died in prison.
Forgotten Founders Historic Documents and Coins of Freedom - By Stanley
L. Klos - Last Exhbit at the 2008 GOP Convention:
http://www.pinellasrepublican.org/
The United Colonies 1st
government began in a Philadelphia Tavern
and the United States 1st federal government ended in a
NYC Tavern!
The Founders convened the government in 11 different capitol buildings and
experienced 15 years of challenges that
included war,
hyper-inflation, a failed
constitution, judicial corruption, armed citizen and U.S. Army rebellions.
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