MENDOZA, Antonio de, Count of Tendilla, Viceroy of Mexico and Peru, born in Granada, Spain, about 1480; died in Lima, 21 July, 1552. In consequence of the troubles between the nobles of New Spain and the audiencia the Emperor Charles V. resolved to create a viceroyalty, and appointed Mendoza viceroy on 17 April, 1535. To strengthen his authority he was also made president of the Royal audieneia. He introduced in Mexico and in the New World the first printing-press, and in 1536 the first book, " La Escala de S. Juan Climaco," was printed in Mexico. Of this book no copy now remains. In 1537 he founded the hnperial college of Santa Cruz de Tlaltelolco and established the bishopric of Michoacan. Believing in the existence of a rich country called Quivira, situated toward the northeast, according to the relations of Cabeza de Vaea and Mareos de Niza (q. v.), Mendoza resolved to send an exploring expedition thither. Cortes, who was still in Mexico, claimed the right of new conquests for himself, but he was forced to submit to the viceroy and left in disgust for Spain. Mendoza sent in 1.540 an expedition overland under Vasquez de Coronado (q. v.), and another by sea under Hernando Alarcon, but both failed to discover the fabulous city of Cibola. When Pedro de Alvarado died on an expedition against the Indians of New Galicia, who had revolted, Mendoza, alarmed at their success, left the capital on 8 October, 1541, founded the city of Valladolid (now Morelia), and, after defeating the Indians, returned to Mexico in February, 1542. During his reign Bartolomo de las Casas to (q. v.) came Mexico to protect the Indians, who had been great-Iv abused by the Spaniards, but the law of 20 November, 1542, abolishing Indian slavery, remained without effect. In consequence of the deplorable state of affairs in Peru that had resulted from the rebellion of Gonzalo Pizarro, the emperor ordered Mendoza to take possession of that vice-royalty. He accepted the place with reluctance, and arrived in Lima, 23 September, 1551. Not being able to inspect the state of the country for himself, he commissioned his son, Francisco, for the purpose, and in 1552 sent him to Spain with a report to the council of the Indies. In 1552, with the audiencia, he formed the first code for Peru.